{"id":1106,"date":"2022-12-20T14:13:16","date_gmt":"2022-12-20T19:13:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/?p=1106"},"modified":"2022-12-20T14:13:16","modified_gmt":"2022-12-20T19:13:16","slug":"book-review-stolen-focus-johann-hari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/leadership\/book-review-stolen-focus-johann-hari\/","title":{"rendered":"Book Review: &#8220;Stolen Focus&#8221; (Johann Hari)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.06.42-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1109 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.06.42-PM-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.06.42-PM-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.06.42-PM-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.06.42-PM-620x618.png 620w, https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.06.42-PM.png 706w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Stolen Focus, Why you Can\u2019t Pay Attention \u2013 and How to Think Deeply Again, by Johann Hari, is a game-changer for me. It captures the tension, the friction, the challenge, opportunity and hope that faces education in the face of diminishing ability to think deeply, pay mindful attention, and to learn deeply. This book explores the patterns and trends over time of humanity\u2019s actions that have worked against our focus and attention abilities and skills.<\/p>\n<p>Is this book a bit terrifying? Yes.<br \/>\nIs this book interesting? Yes, it is fascinating.<br \/>\nIs this book hopeful? Ultimately, yes \u2013 and encouraging.<\/p>\n<p><strong>You would be interested in this book if you are:<\/strong><br \/>\n1) Looking to explore personal and systemic causes of our inability to focus<br \/>\n2) Curious about the pace and speed of the world and its implications to education and raising children<br \/>\n3) Embroiled already in a debate \/ argument \/ challenge with social media and digital devices<br \/>\n4) Wanting to take back your focus and attention in a world that is trying to steal it<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>The book begins, and has a thread throughout, of Hari\u2019s personal realization of the impact of the systems and structures in our society that are tugging at our attention and focus. It is this personal experience that makes this book very readable, even as he draws upon in-depth research and interviews with experts in their field. This is not a personal, self-help book, though that may be a part of it; rather, this is an exacting exploration into history, industry and economics and our society.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Skinner Box vs. Mihaly\u2019s Flow<\/h3>\n<p>As educators we all know BF Skinner, but perhaps not how influential he was to forming our current education system, and how we think of motivation. At his height, he was on Television, on Government committees, and magazines.<\/p>\n<p>He was highly influential in education thought and practices as well. Watch this:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"B.F Skinner. Teaching machine and programmed learning\" width=\"581\" height=\"436\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jTH3ob1IRFo?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>So, I won\u2019t go into detail, other than to say that Skinner\u2019s concepts are still very much felt today \u2013 and some would argue more than ever since school closures due to the pandemic.<\/p>\n<p>Mihaly, was interested in what Skinner\u2019s ideas were lacking:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>To Mihaly, [Skinner\u2019s vision] seemed like a bleak and limited view of human psychology\u2026 he belived it was missing most of what it means to be human\u2026 Mihaly began to wonder if these people [artists] were in fact describing a fundamental human instinct that had not been studied by scientists before. He called it a \u2018flow state\u2019. This is when you are so absorbed in what you are doing that you lose all sense of yourself, and time seems to fall away, and you are flowing into the experience itself. (Hari, 55)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Hari uses these two theories to explore parts of our education system, and the impact that social media has on our behaviour. He has a funny anecdote about Skinner\u2019s pigeon dancing and the similarity between that and TikTok dances.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>If you\u2019re interested in reading more about the connection between TikTok and social media check out <a href=\"https:\/\/socialsciences.nature.com\/posts\/social-media-as-a-modern-day-skinner-box\">THIS ARTICLE<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>It is the difference between Skinner\u2019s Box and Mihaly\u2019s State of Flow, that weaves its way through his book, and Hari does it with research and nuance, acknowledging the other sides of the argument and other perspectives as well. His balanced approach is very readable, and provokes me to ask:<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">How am I promoting \u2018Flow\u2019 in my own life and the lives of my colleagues and students?<\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Inattention: It\u2019s Our Problem, But Not Our Fault<\/h3>\n<p>Hari argues that our focus is being stolen in different ways:\u00a0 inattention is systemic, and it is structural, and it is personal and it is caused in a myriad of ways.<\/p>\n<p>Inattention is systemic because <em><strong>IT<\/strong><\/em> is a major part of our society, our cultural mores,<a href=\"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.07.12-PM.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/vox-conversations-podcast\/2022\/2\/8\/22910773\/vox-conversations-johann-hari-stolen-focus noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1110 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.07.12-PM-300x188.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"188\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.07.12-PM-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.07.12-PM-1024x643.png 1024w, https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.07.12-PM-768x483.png 768w, https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.07.12-PM-620x390.png 620w, https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.07.12-PM.png 1528w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> and feeling of acceptance.<\/p>\n<p>Inattenion structural, because <em><strong>IT<\/strong><\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em>is integrated into our ways of communicating, understanding, connecting and doing business, and even, yes, education.<\/p>\n<p>Inability to focus and sustain deep focus is personal, because we have our identities wrapped up in IT, and we gain joy, pain, and other very human emotions from <em><strong>IT.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>So, what is\u00a0<em><strong>IT?<\/strong><\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Hari cites 12 causes of inattention:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The increase in speed, switching and filtering<\/li>\n<li>The crippling of our flow states<\/li>\n<li>The rise of Physical and Mental Exhaustion<\/li>\n<li>The collapse of sustained reading<\/li>\n<li>The disruption of mind wandering<\/li>\n<li>The rise of technology that can track and manipulate you (Part 1 and Part 2)<\/li>\n<li>The rise of technology that can track and manipulate you (Part 1 & 2)<\/li>\n<li>The surge in stress and triggering vigilance<\/li>\n<li>Deteriorating Diets<\/li>\n<li>Rising Pollution<\/li>\n<li>Rise of ADHD Diagnosis and our response<\/li>\n<li>The confinement of our children, both physically and Psychologically<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In each of these chapters, and the other contextual, personal ones, Har is a story telling. He weaves his own personal experience to that of research, to anecdotes of personal friends, colleagues and those brave souls who have shared their experiences with him.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.12.11-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1112\" src=\"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.12.11-PM-300x156.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.12.11-PM-300x156.png 300w, https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.12.11-PM-1024x531.png 1024w, https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.12.11-PM-768x398.png 768w, https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.12.11-PM-620x321.png 620w, https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.12.11-PM.png 1512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>For example,<\/strong> in the chapter on Cruel Optimism, entitled \u201cThe Rise of Cruel Optimism: Why Individual Changes are Important, but Not Enough\u201d, Hari uses Oxycontin as an analogy for what is happening more broadly in our society. We are in pain, so we seek a remedy. However, in this case the remedy is the same thing that will hold us back from continued flourishing. But what other choices are out there?<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>This is one of the problems with Cruel Optimism \u2013 it takes exceptional cases, usually achieved\u00a0 in exceptional circumstances, and acts as if they can be commonplace. It\u2019s easer to find serenity through meditation when you haven\u2019t just lost your job and you aren\u2019t wondering how you\u2019re going to avoid being evicted next Tuesday. It\u2019s easier to say no the next hamburger, or the next Facebook, or the next tab of Oxycontin if you aren\u2019t already exhausted and stressed. [Cruel Optimism] tells that it\u2019s pretty simple and that we should just \u201cpush the f*cking [Do not disturb button on your phone!] is to deny the reality of most people\u2019s lives. (Hari, 152)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The Duke professor, Lauren Berlant writes that cruel optimism \u2018exists when something you desire is actually an obstacle to your flourishing\u2019, that a society or an individual\u2019s relation to a specific object of desire may be self-destructive or harmful.\u00a0 [And asks of us] Is resilience merely a last chance saloon for the maintenance of modes of living that inevitably must fail? Does resilience push the costs of climate change onto communities that can least afford it? Does resilience operate to paper over the cracks rather than to tackle problems at their roots? (https:\/\/csahs.uoguelph.ca\/cruel-optimism)<\/p>\n<p>In this way, Cruel Optimism is focussing on individual actions, and in so doing, ignoring the system and structural forces at play. We can\u2019t just blame and shame individuals into changing their self-destructive behaviour \u2013 it goes much, much deeper than this.<\/p>\n<p><strong>As another example,<\/strong> in the Chapter entitled \u201cThe Confinement of Our Children, Both Physically and Psychologically\u201d, Hari explores the role of schools and stolen childhoods. This chapter emphasizes the role that unstructured \u201cPlay\u201d can and should play in the lives of our children. Inevitably, Finland emerges as the example to which North American education is compared ~ but this time, it isn\u2019t focused on the content, nor the role nor education of the teachers, nor how teachers are a revered position in Finland; rather, he focusses on the systems and structures of Finland. That children don\u2019t go to school until they are 7 years old, they are given almost no homework, and they attend school from 9 \u2013 2:30PM.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">I highlight these two chapters, because they resonate with me: that sometimes I can focus on the individual things that I can be doing differently, when I should or could be stepping back to see the larger picture.<\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<p>I strongly recommend this book as a starting point for us, as educators to start considering bigger systems and structures at play in our own lives, and the lives of the students that we teach. What does attention look like? Hari quotes James Williams, who, in his 2018 book Stand Out of Our Light: Freedom and Resistance in the Attention Economy, argues that we are, both individually and collectively, facing a crisis of self-regulation.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p id=\"yui_3_17_2_1_1671562807079_769\" class=\"\">[James] distinguishes three \u2018lights of attention\u2019 that are undermined by the attention economy\u2019s distraction machines: <em>spotlight, starlight<\/em>, and <em>daylight.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">The <em><strong>spotlight<\/strong><\/em>of attention enables us to focus on our immediate goals: writing an email, tidying up the house, taking care of a friend. When we get interrupted by online notifications or distracted by an advert, we fracture this form of attention. A study conducted at the University of California, Irving indicated that it takes, on average, 23 minutes to refocus. Due to the frequency of distractions, some of us in fact never reach a deep form of attention.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"><strong><em>Starlight<\/em><\/strong> shines on our medium-term goals, such as learning an instrument, improving our health, or completing a project. With average social media use at over two hours a day, one can only imagine the range of thwarted achievements.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">Finally, <strong><em>daylight<\/em><\/strong> supports us to \u201cwant what we want to want\u201d. This is the light of our values and long-term goals. Williams warns that undermining our daylight may be the most serious and unnoticed danger of the attention economy.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">\u201cWhen our daylight is compromised, epistemic distraction results. Epistemic distraction is the diminishment of underlying capacities that allow a person to define or pursue their goals: capacities essential for democracy such as reflection, memory, prediction, leisure, reasoning and goal setting.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"text-align: right;\">(Taken from The Alternative: https:\/\/www.thealternative.org.uk\/dailyalternative\/2022\/5\/1\/spotlight-starlight-and-daylight-social-media)<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\">So what lights might we nurture? What lights might we protect?<\/h4>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>When I origninally wrote this post, I had ended it with those two questions above. But this book had ingrained in my thinking, so I\u2019ve been looking and searching for ways to counter this theft of my attention.<\/p>\n<p>Vox Focus Challenge Cards: <a href=\"https:\/\/thetandemcollective.com\/community\/readalongs-archive\/stolen-focus\">https:\/\/thetandemcollective.com\/community\/readalongs-archive\/stolen-focus<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.10.33-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1111\" src=\"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.10.33-PM-300x105.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"618\" height=\"216\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.10.33-PM-300x105.png 300w, https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.10.33-PM-1024x360.png 1024w, https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.10.33-PM-768x270.png 768w, https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.10.33-PM-1536x539.png 1536w, https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.10.33-PM-2048x719.png 2048w, https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/files\/2022\/12\/Screen-Shot-2022-12-20-at-2.10.33-PM-620x218.png 620w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This is a series of cards available above, that will prompt and challenge you and \/ or your students! I\u2019ll keep digging around for more resources, but if you have any, please add into the comments below \u2013 thanks!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stolen Focus, Why you Can\u2019t Pay Attention \u2013 and How to Think Deeply Again, by Johann Hari, is a game-changer for me. It captures the tension, the friction, the challenge, opportunity and hope that faces education in the face of diminishing ability to think deeply, pay mindful attention, and to learn deeply. This book explores&#8230;<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/leadership\/book-review-stolen-focus-johann-hari\/\">Read more <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wds_primary_category":23,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,10,72],"tags":[49],"class_list":["post-1106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-leadership","category-social-media","category-wellness","tag-book-review"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1106","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1106"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1106\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1114,"href":"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1106\/revisions\/1114"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cohort21.com\/garthnichols\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}